Harper's Mag and the American Character

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  • #103723
    Zooey
    Moderator

    Anyone subscribe to Harper’s? I used to, but the stack of unread magazines just mocked me.

    If anyone does…I’m looking for an article from the archives that I can’t get to without being a subscriber. I’ve found the article, and it is in pdf format, but I’m reluctant to spend $24 in order to subscribe just so I can make kids read one article.

    #103730
    wv
    Participant

    I dont subscribe, but what article are you looking for?

    w
    v

    #103755
    Zooey
    Moderator

    Webb, Walter Prescott. “Ended: 400 Year Boom. Reflections on the Age of the Frontier.” Harper’s, October 1951.

    So I have two classes of English 11 this term, and…long story short…my kids are actually a Control group for a study by California State University. CSU developed a curriculum that they would like to impose on high schools throughout the state, but their first step is to conduct a study to determine if they actually get “better results” with their curriculum as opposed to mine. (Not just Mine…the study is being conducted at multiple schools). So all the other English 11 teachers here are teaching CSU’s curriculum, and I am left to do whatever I want.

    In the past, English 11 has been taught through the lens of “The American Dream.” What is it, and is it a “real” thing, etc.” I haven’t taught this course in ten years, probably, and I’m still not recovered from my weariness at the theme, and I’m playing around with something different. I’m kind of more interested in the American Character. Who are we, and why? Then read a bunch of documents, and stories, and speeches, and a novel or two, and a play, or two.

    So I’ve been thinking about this. And here are some characteristics I think are dominant features of our culture…I’d love everyone on the board to chime in with their thoughts and/or suggestions.

    A. Our tendency to violent solutions to problems
    1. Mass shootings
    2. Incessant wars
    B. Constant stream of “enemies” (Commies, Terrorists, Mexicans), and always
    living under a threat to security
    C. Anti-government i.e. “freedom.”
    D. Conspicuous consumption – belief in limitless resources
    E. Belief in “hard work + wit = prosperity.”
    F. Superiority

    So those are characteristics, imo, of the American personality. I’m happy to entertain other thoughts on this.

    I attribute these characteristics to our unique history which I think is this: America was colonized by a lot of people who sought freedom from social and economic restrictions faced in Europe, and elsewhere. European social and economic structures were fairly rigid and static for centuries…until the discovery of vast land that was rich in resources, and basically “up for grabs” to anyone with the balls to head west into the unknown armed only with wits and guns.

    I started watching “Godless” this week with my wife (it’s set in Colorado in the 1880s) and I noticed how every time people encounter strangers, they pull out their guns. Now…I don’t think this is just Hollywood. If you were living in the middle of nowhere, basically, and the nearest sheriff was a 15-minute horse ride away, and there are a variety of hostile and/or desperate humans around…I mean, the idea of NOT having multiple guns would be laughable, right?

    So the first 300-400 years of our cultural history was dominated by a “kill or be killed” mentality out on the frontier. Webb makes the point – in the article I want – that “frontier” in Europe means the thin international boundary between countries. In America, the Frontier means vast, practically limitless space and resources that have to be mastered by the individual rather than the state. It’s a completely different way of looking at the world. So the history of the Frontier really accounts for A through E above.

    Our sense of Superiority, I think, can be traced to the Puritans and their “City on the Hill” concept. Also our puritanical attitudes towards moral issues. The Puritans were the first successful colonists, and they were successful partly because of their strict internal discipline.

    So now…here we are with all these Frontier attitudes…but no frontier anymore. All filled up. But we treat our resources as if there is always more just over the horizon, and we are vigilant in our search for enemies.

    Anybody got any thoughts on that? Or stories/poems/novels/plays that would help bolster any of these themes?

    #103756
    zn
    Moderator

    I personally would temper that with stuff that has a more positive side to it. Like America is also the place that led to Frederick Douglass. I would even teach his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Written by Himself. Douglass of course taught himself to read and write even though it was forbidden and he had no teachers. In the end he became a great advocate of abolitiion and made a living giving lectures in Britain, where he was revered.

    What’s also fun in that context is to tell the real story of Rosa Parks, which undermines the popular, widely circulated version.

    To me, the way out of a crisis is to highlight the positive too. Because, what is it you’re striving for (as a country) if not to be your best self? That’s a conflict of course between the best and worst self, but to me there has to be an other side of that story for there to be a story.

    ….

    #103757
    Zooey
    Moderator

    Good point. Thanks. I wasn’t even thinking in terms of positive/negative characteristics. At least not consciously.

    #103764
    wv
    Participant

    …just an aside, fwiw — Harper’s January 1992, Vol 284, #1700, has a Lewis Lapham essay titled “Who and What is American.” I happened to read the essay the other day in an anthology book called “Changing Community” (graywolf annual ten).

    Zn always points out there is resistance. Always, there is resistance. To the nightmare. And he’s right to point it out. Its always there.

    My ‘own’ dark thing though, is, the resistance is indeed there, and it has actually grown, i think. Thanks to the internet. But…the other side has grown MORE. And i think we are past the tipping point. I dont think its possible to turn things around. Just my opinion.

    And yes, i still think it makes sense to ‘bash on relentlessly…regardless.’

    I’ve been thinkin some about the shooting thing. I dont think its all that complicated. But it is multi-layered. Several factors.
    1) Guns. Americans have a long history of gun-love for both logical and fear-based reasons. So, there’s all that access to all those various kinds of guns. Duh.
    2) Racism. America has that deadly history of Capitalist constructed-Racism. Modern-Corporate-Capitalism no longer ‘needs’ racism or slaves, but racism was constructed long ago and now its difficult to un-construct it. The Racism has all those nefarious and subtle and not so subtle effects. It contributes to white privilege, and inequality which contributes to all kinds of resentment, anger, stress, anxiety, etc. All kinds of domino effects. Racism leads to young people joining the Nationalist hate brigades, etc etc etc.
    3) Corporate-Capitalism (CC). CC leads to millions and millions and millions of poor people and people without health care and people stressed out and fearful. Opioids, “mental health” issues, depression, loneliness, anxiety, lack-of-meaning, consumerism.
    It also leads to escapism, Nationalism, jingoism, and various kinds of infantilism(religion), infantilism(emotional-stunting) etc etc etc.
    Corporate-Capitalism leads to Imperialism which requires a War Machine, and a CIA, and an NSA and Weapons Manufacturers, etc. That leads to a lot of Americans getting a lot of training with guns, and PTSD experiences, and depleted Uranium experiences, and disillusionment experiences etc, etc, etc.
    CC leads to a Fake-News-Media. Which then leads to citizens inundated with jingoistic Propaganda. The Media/Elite creates ‘enemies’. (Commies, Muslims, Immigrants, Russians, whatever) CC creates a toxic, toxic, toxic mix of conditions. Too many to list.

    I could go on about the effect CC has on Media, Education, but the bottom line is,
    Corporate-Capitalism is a virulent, toxic, poisonous over-arching system, that mixes with
    Systemic, constructed-Racism, coupled with
    Red White and Blue Gun-topia.

    Themz the three factors that account for the bloody chickens coming home to roost, I would think.

    But what do i know.

    w
    v

    #103767
    Billy_T
    Participant

    Zooey,

    I know you wanted an article, not a book, but this one seems taylor-made for ya. Am about 35 pages into it, and it’s extremely thought-provoking:

    The End of the Myth: From the Frontier to the Border Wall in the Mind of America, by Greg Grandin. Just out this year.

    Books

    The Frontier as the national metaphor/myth/ideal. The author quotes Anne Carson:

    “To live past your myth is a perilous thing.” We have.

    . . .

    Quick takeaway from the first few pages . . . King George III set the border for the colonials in 1763 with a royal proclamation. Basically saying, Go no further west than the Alleghenies. That land is not yours. It belongs to Indian nations.

    This is pretty much never given as one of the key rationales for the Revolution, but it was huge, especially for Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Henry and pretty much the entire ruling class of colonials. Their rebellion was against the very idea of limits on land they could take for themselves. That was their idea of “freedom and liberty.” Didn’t matter that it obviously meant ending the freedom and liberty of millions of others in the process.

    The idea of zero-sum didn’t seem to enter into their minds, at least as long as “the frontier” existed. And no other place on the globe had one, apparently. The author compares this view with Central and South America, which had sovereign nations much earlier (not states or territories per se), and no “frontier.” A radically different history followed as a result.

    Really good so far, and I’m betting an excellent follow-up to How to Hide an Empire.

    • This reply was modified 5 years, 2 months ago by Billy_T.
    #103769
    Billy_T
    Participant

    Review by The Guardian:

    https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/jul/31/the-end-of-the-myth-by-greg-grandin-review

    Excerpt:

    Is it all just a glitch, as centrist pundits would have it, an inexplicable freak-out in our grand but uneven evolution towards an ever more perfect democracy? Or is it a foreseeable extension of centuries of racist violence, Malcolm X’s chickens finally knocking at the roost?

    Greg Grandin’s The End of the Myth leans towards the latter explanation, but he provides a more complicated answer than those two simple options allow. The myth to which his title refers is that of the frontier. Other countries have borders, Grandin writes, but “only the United States has had a frontier”, always shifting, and making itself – and its people – anew. For most of American history it was an ever-expanding boundary, a terrain less geographic than metaphorical and messianic. It referred at first to the landmass west of the Allegheny Mountains, then to lands west of the Mississippi River, then west of the Rocky Mountains. The frontier would cover most of the planet before it took an abstract turn and came to mean endless economic growth, the cosmos conceived as an ever-expanding market – overseen, of course, by US banks and a few fleets of aircraft carriers.

    But before it was anything else, Grandin makes clear, the frontier was a zone of genocidal violence. For the earliest settlers, America was a spiritual aspiration as much as an actual locale. The land’s apparent boundlessness offered a chance at rebirth and redemption. If people lived there already, they would have to go elsewhere, or be exterminated. And so they were, from the Massachusetts Bay Colony to, eventually, the Pacific. For the men who would later be mythologised as the “Founding Fathers”, conquest – the right of white settlers to seize whatever land they wanted – was from the start inseparable from liberty. Freedom, in the American sense of the word, was unimaginable without the frontier, limitless land for the taking just beyond the boundaries of the known.

    Class conflict, again and again, would be evaded by deflecting violence outward to the frontier, and by projecting class resentments on to race

    This proved convenient in many ways. Social contradictions – between the rich and the landless, between those who believed human beings could be owned and those who disagreed – did not have to be addressed when they could be pushed ever outwards, to the west. If the young nation began to feel too crowded or tense, it could always, in the words of James Madison, “expand the sphere”. Class conflict, again and again, would be evaded by deflecting violence outward to the frontier, and by projecting class resentments on to race.

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